Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a medication used to manage type 2 diabetes and aid weight loss in obese or overweight individuals with certain health conditions. It works by mimicking a hormone called GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), which helps to regulate blood sugar levels and suppress appetite.

Semaglutide improves blood sugar control by:

Stimulating insulin secretion when blood glucose levels are high.
Reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver.
Slowing down gastric emptying, which prolongs fullness after meals.

It is available as an injectable medication under brand names like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus (the latter in oral form). It's important for patients to be monitored for side effects, which can include nausea, vomiting, and potential thyroid or pancreatic issues.

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1. Administration

Injectable Form (Ozempic & Wegovy): Given as a subcutaneous injection, typically once a week. The injection can be administered in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
Oral Form (Rybelsus): Taken as a daily tablet, on an empty stomach, with only water (waiting at least 30 minutes before eating or drinking anything else).

2. Potential Side Effects

Common: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. These effects often decrease over time as the body adjusts.
Serious Risks: Thyroid tumors (observed in animal studies), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and severe allergic reactions. Symptoms like persistent stomach pain or neck lumps should be reported immediately.
Other Considerations: It may affect kidney function, especially if significant dehydration occurs due to gastrointestinal side effects.

3. Effectiveness

For Type 2 Diabetes, Semaglutide significantly lowers blood sugar and helps reduce cardiovascular risks.
For Weight Loss, studies show considerable reductions in body weight, making it effective for weight management in combination with lifestyle changes.